Complete blood count (CBC) Simplified

 🧪 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 (𝐂𝐁𝐂) — 𝐋𝐚𝐛 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐝

📌 Wʜᴀᴛ ɪs ɪᴛ﹖

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered routine blood investigations. It provides comprehensive information about the cellular components of blood, including:

● Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

● White Blood Cells (WBCs)

● Hemoglobin (Hb)

● Hematocrit (HCT/PCV)

● Platelets (PLT)

● Indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW

》》It serves as a screening tool for various medical conditions and is essential in both diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.

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🔬 𝑾𝒉𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒕 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆?

The CBC helps in the diagnosis and evaluation of:

• Anemia (low hemoglobin or RBC count)

• Infections (elevated or low WBCs)

• Leukemias and other hematologic malignancies

• Bleeding and clotting disorders (low or high platelet count)

• Chronic diseases and nutritional deficiencies

• It is also used to monitor response to treatment, especially in cases like chemotherapy, infections, or bone marrow disorders.

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🩸 𝙎𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙍𝙚𝙦𝙪𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩:

• Specimen: Whole blood

• Anticoagulant: EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) – purple/lavender top tube

• Volume: 2–3 mL (adult); 1 mL (pediatric)

• Handling: Mix the tube gently by inverting 6–8 times. Do not shake to avoid hemolysis or platelet clumping.

• Testing Time: Ideally within 4–6 hours of sample collection for accurate results.

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🎯 𝙉𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙡 𝙍𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙨 (𝙨𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙡𝙮 𝙫𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙗/𝙬 𝙡𝙖𝙗𝙨):

🔹 Hemoglobin (Hb):

→ Male: 13–17 g/dL

→ Female: 12–15 g/dL

→ Children: 11–14 g/dL

🔹 Total WBC Count:

4,000–11,000 /cmm

🔹 Platelet Count:

1.5–4.5 lakh /cmm (150,000–450,000 /µL)

🔹 Hematocrit (HCT/PCV):

• Male: 40–50%

• Female: 35–45%

🔹 RBC Count:

• Male: 4.5–5.9 million /cmm

• Female: 4.0–5.2 million /cmm

🔹 Indices:

→ MCV: 80–100 fL

→ MCH: 27–32 pg

→ MCHC: 32–36 g/dL

→ RDW: 11.5–14.5%

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⚠️ Cʟɪɴɪᴄᴀʟ Iɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ﹠ Aʙɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ Fɪɴᴅɪɴɢs﹕

🔻 Low Hemoglobin / RBCs:

• Anemia (Iron deficiency, B12/Folate deficiency, chronic disease, blood loss)

🔺 High Hemoglobin / RBCs:

• Polycythemia vera

• Dehydration

• Chronic hypoxia (e.g., COPD)

🔺 High WBC Count (Leukocytosis):

• Bacterial infections

• Leukemia

• Inflammation

• Steroid use

🔻 Low WBC Count (Leukopenia):

• Viral infections

• Bone marrow suppression (e.g., chemotherapy)

• Typhoid fever

• Sepsis

🔻 Low Platelet Count (Thrombocytopenia):

• Dengue fever

• ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)

• Aplastic anemia

• DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)

🔺 High Platelet Count (Thrombocytosis):

• Iron deficiency anemia

• Post-splenectomy

• Myeloproliferative disorders

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💡 Note:

• Always use properly labeled EDTA tubes for CBC.

• Avoid hemolysis: never shake the tube. Mix gently by inversion.

• CBC machines (auto-analyzers) must be calibrated regularly for accuracy.

• Abnormal CBC results should be correlated clinically and may require peripheral smear examination.

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