Top 10 Important Organic Reactions for NEET (With Examples)
Organic Chemistry is an essential part of NEET syllabus, and many questions are directly based on named reactions. Here are the top 10 reactions that every NEET aspirant must know:
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1. Cannizzaro Reaction:
Aldehydes without α-hydrogen undergo disproportionation in the presence of concentrated alkali.
Example: HCHO → HCOO⁻ + CH₃OH -
2. Aldol Condensation:
Aldehydes or ketones with α-hydrogen react in presence of dilute alkali to form β-hydroxy aldehyde/ketone.
Example: 2 CH₃CHO → CH₃CH(OH)CH=CHCHO -
3. Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction:
Conversion of amide to primary amine with one carbon less using Br₂ and NaOH.
Example: RCONH₂ + Br₂ + 4NaOH → RNH₂ + Na₂CO₃ + 2NaBr + 2H₂O -
4. Sandmeyer Reaction:
Diazonium salts react with CuCl/CuBr to form aryl halides.
Example: C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻ + CuCl → C₆H₅Cl + N₂ -
5. Kolbe’s Reaction:
Sodium phenoxide reacts with CO₂ under pressure to give salicylic acid.
Example: C₆H₅ONa + CO₂ + H⁺ → OH-C₆H₄-COOH (Salicylic acid) -
6. Reimer-Tiemann Reaction:
Phenol reacts with chloroform and alkali to form salicylaldehyde.
Example: C₆H₅OH + CHCl₃ + NaOH → OH-C₆H₄-CHO -
7. Wurtz Reaction:
Two alkyl halides react with Na in dry ether to form higher alkanes.
Example: 2CH₃Br + 2Na → CH₃–CH₃ + 2NaBr -
8. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/Acylation:
Alkyl/Acyl group is introduced in benzene ring using AlCl₃.
Example: C₆H₆ + RCl → C₆H₅R -
9. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis:
Used for synthesis of primary amines from phthalimide.
Example: Phthalimide + R-X → R-NH₂ (after hydrolysis) -
10. Carbylamine Reaction:
Primary amines react with chloroform and alcoholic KOH to form isocyanides (bad smell).
Example: RNH₂ + CHCl₃ + 3KOH → RNC + 3KCl + 3H₂O
📌 Tips for NEET:
- Make flashcards for each reaction.
- Remember key reagents and by-products.
- Practice reaction-based MCQs from previous year NEET papers.
🔁 Last Updated: July 2025 | By Your Blog Name
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